中法11岁儿童三段论推理对比--基于自然三段论和传统三段论的实验

Experiment on natural syllogisms and traditional categorical syllogisms:A comparison study of Chinese 11-year-old children and French 11-year-old children

自然三段论是指省略了一个隐含在语义记忆中的全称肯定前提的三段论。大部分对传统三段论的研究都指出非专业的普通人在使用传统三段论时正确率很低,这与他们在日常生活中较高的论辩能力形成了鲜明对比。检验我国11岁儿童是否也能熟练地解决自然三段论,并与法国结果做对比。实验结果表明:我国11岁儿童可以熟练地解决自然三段论,他们在自然三段论上的答对率显著高于在传统三段论上的答对率,但在自然三段论和传统三段论上的表现普遍低于法国儿童。

Natural syllogisms are arguments formally identifiable with categorical syllogisms that have an implicit universal affirmative premise retrieved from semantic memory rather than explicitly stated. Many studies on traditional categorical syllogisms point out that the rate of success of lay people is very low,which is in sharp contrast with their high argumentation ability in daily life. This paper examines 11-year-old Chinese children’s performance on natural syllogisms and traditional categorical syllogisms and compares the results with those of French children. The experiment showed that 11-year-old Chinese children can solve natural syllogisms proficiently,and their correct response rate in natural syllogisms is significantly higher than that of traditional categorical syllogisms. Compared with the results of French 11-year-old children,the performance of Chinese 11-year-old children in natural syllogisms and traditional categorical syllogisms is generally lower than that of French children.