江城橡胶公司橡胶树叶片养分时空变化特征

Temporal and Spatial Variation of Leaf Nutrients on Rubber Trees from Jiang Cheng Rubber Company

基于2009年和2018年2期采样得到的橡胶树叶片养分数据,运用橡胶树营养诊断和地理信息系统(GIS)技术研究了江城橡胶公司橡胶树叶片氮、磷、钾、钙和镁5种养分的时空变化特征。结果表明:从2009年至2018年,叶片氮处于丰富和极丰富水平的区域快速减少,面积减少了19.43%,而处于极缺和缺水平的区域面积增加了18.46%,达到39.29%;叶片磷处于正常以下水平的区域面积减少了8.27%,但极缺水平比例却增加了0.91%,正常以下水平比例仍达到35.65%;橡胶树叶片钾含量主要表现为由正常水平向丰富水平转变,研究区叶片钾总体呈上升趋势,极缺和缺水平比例为5.90%,但是正常以上水平面积增加了29.47%,达到82.42%;叶片钙含量2个年份大部分胶园都处于较高水平,没有极缺水平的胶园,缺水平比例仅为7.21%,极丰富水平降低了3.64%,其他水平变化不大;绝大部分区域的镁含量在减少,仅有少数区域在增加,总体呈下降趋势,2018年正常以下水平的区域面积比例达到81.07%,极缺水平比例更是达到46.19%,每个生产队均有部分胶园叶片镁处于正常水平以下。

Based on the data obtained from previous work in 2009 and 2018,the temporal and spatial variation of nitrogen,hosphorus,potassium,calcium and magnesium of rubber leaves was studied respectively using nutrition diagnosis and GIS technologies.The results showed that the areas with content of rich nitrogen and extreme rich nitrogen in leaf were shrunk rapidly from 2009-2018,decreased by 19.43%,while areas at deficiency and extreme deficiency level increased by 18.46%,reaching 39.29%;The areas with content of phosphorus in leaf at a level of below normal decreased by 8.27%,while areas at extreme deficiency level in leaf phosphorus content increased by 0.91%,however,the proportion of areas with phosphorus content at a level of below normal still reached by 35.65%.The trend of the potassium contents in rubber tree leaf turned to be abundant level from normal level,the overall trend of the potassium contents in rubber leaves in experiment field was on the rise,the areas of extreme deficiency and deficiency in potassium contents accounted for 5.90%,whereas areas with a content of potassium above normal level increased by 29.47%,reaching 82.42%;The contents of calcium in rubber leaves in most rubber plantations were at a high level judging from the tested data in 2009 and 2018.No rubber plantations with contents of calcium at extreme deficiency level were observed,the proportion of areas with calcium contents in rubber leaves at deficiency level was only 7.21%,and areas at extreme abundant level decreased by 3.64%,there was no significant changes in calcium content at other levels.The magnesium contents in most rubber plantations turned to be decline,only few areas showed a rising trend,but the overall trend of the magnesium contents in rubber leaves was declining.In 2018,the proportion of areas with contents of magnesium at normal level reached by 81.07%,and the proportion of areas with magnesium contents at extreme deficiency level even reached by 46.19%.Each production team has part of rubber plantations with magnesium content at a level below normal.