“开明专制”思想的先导——论邵作舟极具特色的政治改革思想

The Forerunner of the“Enlightened Despotism”Thought:on Shao Zuo-zhou’s Distinctive Political Reform Thought

洋务运动时期,新派的改革要求多在经济、军事、教育方面学习西方,创办洋务新政,争取富强。邵作舟独树一帜,力主以政治改革为本。认为一国历史文化造就了一国之民性,民性是国家制度的基础;中西民性不同,中西制度必然不同;“开明专制”可使中国迅速崛起。对于社会经济发展而言,中西方各有其“势”,即各有其发展动力,西方之势在民,中国之势在君。他主张加强君权,同时吸收西方民主因素,以民意为基础进行决策,实即建立开明专制。这些在中国近代思想史上具有重要价值。

During the Westernization Movement,the New School focused more on learning from the West in economy,military and education,establishing the Westernization New Deal,striving for prosperity.Shao Zuo-zhou(邵作舟)stood alone and advocated political reform,who held that a country’s history and culture builds its people’s nature which is the foundation of the national system.Chinese people’s nature is different from that of the West,so are the systems of both China and the West.For social and economic development,China and the West have their own moves which lie in the people in the West and the monarch in China.Shao Zuo-zhou advocated strengthening the monarchy,absorbing western democratic factors,and making decisions based on public opinion,which was the establishment of enlightened autocracy.These are of great value in the history of modern Chinese thought.