民初县官选任制度的重建

Reconstruction of County Officials’Appointment in the Early Republic of China

改革县知事选任、推行县知事试验,是民初袁世凯当局恢复地方秩序、加强中央集权的重要措施。对此学界虽有讨论,但未深入考察其制度渊源及制度实行对县官人事变动的影响。二次革命后,袁世凯开始启动县官选任制度改革。北洋政府以清末直隶的外官体制改革为蓝本,颁布了县知事试验及任用规章,开始在全国推行县知事考试及县知事资格清理,这些措施的实行确实改变了各地的人事构成,不符合资格的县知事被渐次淘汰,本省为官现象大幅减少。虽然这些措施带有较强的复旧色彩,在实行中也存在种种问题,但的确改变了当时县官选任的混乱局面。

Reconstruction of county officials’appointment was an important measure for the Yuan Shikai government to restore local order and strengthen centralization in the early Republic of China.Relevant research has not paid enough attention to its’origin and impact.After the Second Revolution,Yuan began to strengthen the centralization and reconstruct the local official system.In reference to the reformation of the local officials’system of Zhili province in the late Qing Dynasty,Yuan promulgated the county governor test and appointment rules,and began to carry out the county governor examination,although these measures had various problems,but it did really restore local administrative order.