地方史视域下的国民党政治动员——以国立第六中学的节日纪念为例(1929—1949年)

Research on the Kuomintang’s Political Mobilization from the Perspective of Local History——A Case Study of the Memorial Activities of National No.6 Middle School(1929—1949)

政治动员能力在现代政党或政权发展兴衰中具有关键性意义。国民党南京政府成立后采取了一系列措施开展地方社会的政治动员,在中小学持续推广国民党纪念日体系就是很好的例子。国立第六中学的相关历史表明,地方教育当局特别是学校在执行上述政策时有着多面性:一是早期的参与比较积极、主动和全面;二是有自己的独立立场,特别是对事关民族性、大众性和乡土意义的纪念日,尤为关注和坚守;三是抗战后期特别是解放战争时期,大多是流于形式、徒有其名,以至于到1949年大批同学主动参加了人民解放军,走上了反抗国民党政权的道路。这些史实还表明,国民党当局的地方政治动员过程,也是一个与革命性、民族性、大众性政党渐行渐远的过程,它背离了近代以来特别是五四运动以来地方社会发展的历史进程,因而也未能实现其基层政治动员的战略目的。

The ability of political mobilization is of key importance in the rise and fall of modern political parties or political powers.After the establishment of the Kuomintang Government in Nanjing,a series of measures were taken to mobilize the local society politically.The continuous promotion of the Kuomintang commemoration system in primary and secondary schools is a good example.The relevant history of the National No.6 Middle School shows that local education authorities,especially schools,are multi-faceted in implementing these policies:(1)they were more active and fully involved in the early stage;(2)they had their own independent stand especially on anniversaries concerning nationality,popularity and local significance;(3)in the late period of the Anti-Japanese War,especially during the War of Liberation,most of them took an formulaic attitude so that by 1949 a large number of students took the initiative to join the People’s Liberation Army and embarked on the road against the Kuomintang regime.These historical facts also show that the local political mobilization of the Kuomintang authorities gradually distances itself from a revolutionary,national,and mass political party,which deviates from the historical process of local society in modern times,especially since the May 4th Movement and thus fails to achieve the strategic purpose of grassroots political mobilization.