规则的发生及其背后的成因——以17世纪格鲁派寺院寺规为例

The Restrictive Regulations on the Admission to the Tibetan Buddhism Monasteries:A Case Study on Monastic Rules of Gelugpa Monasteries in the 17^th Century

格鲁派寺院的寺规是规范僧人行为的准则。在寺规中对俗人出家入寺成为僧人方面做出了比较详细的规定,其中对部分人群进行了出家入寺的限制。这样的限制与佛教本身的教义似乎“矛盾”。究其原因,与佛教戒律及藏族的“洁净”观念相关,同时,更为重要的是受到了寺院所依附的当时社会政治、经济等因素的影响。研究寺规中对俗人出家入寺的限制性规定,有助于我们理解17世纪的藏传佛教寺院及其所处的时代;同时对寺规的研究也有助于理解规则的制定与其背后所回应社会条件之间的关系。

Monastic Regulations of Gelugpa Monasteries were intended for regulating the monks’behaviors.There were certain items specifically proscribed for making restrictions on certain groups of lay people being admitted to the monasteries in the regulations.These regulations were appeared to be paradoxical to the Buddhist doctrines.The reasons behind the formulation of these regulations were not only related to the Buddhist Vinaya and Tibetan concept of“purity”,the political and economic factors of the society these monasteries embedded were also dedicated to the forming of these regulations.Studying regulations on lay people admitting to the monasteries will heling the readers to understand the era and Tibetan Buddhist Monasteries in the 17^th century;whereas it also will be beneficial to the comprehension of the relationship between rule making and its corresponding social background.