论中国陆地边境口岸的特点及发展方略

The Characteristics and Development Strategy of China's Land Border Ports

从类型来说,中国陆地边境口岸类型多元;从分布来说,北少南多、东密西疏、两头多中间少;从基本建设来说,中国边境口岸基础建设设施需要改善或提升;从功能上来说,北守南通、北货南人、东通西控;从规划和运行来说,受周边国家利益、国家政策影响至深;从建设现状来说,多数陆地边境口岸的基本建设需要提升;从效果来说,绝大多数口岸对中国边疆发展的辐射力不够;从负面影响来说,沿边境口岸的跨国犯罪、分裂恐怖活动难以避免。根据以上特点,本文提出:树立口岸通达与管控相结合的管理理念,落实通达与管控双管齐下的管理措施;改善或提升陆地边境口岸的基础建设工作;逐渐改变口岸重经贸轻文化交流的现状;通过边境口岸加强中国与周边国家边境经贸互补性;因地制宜地在口岸过于稠密处减少口岸数量、在口岸稀少区域增设口岸数量;与毗邻国家在保持国家领土和主权的前提下建立友好关系,为边境口岸良性发展奠定外部基础;连接陆地边境口岸与航空、水运口岸,建设“一带一路”六大经济走廊。

In terms of port types,China's land border ports are diversified.In terms of distribution,the north is less and the south is more,the east is more and the west is less.In terms of capital construction,China's border port infrastructure needs to be improved or upgraded.In terms of function,the north defends and the south communicates,the north are main of goods and the south are main of people,and the east controls,the west can transit.In terms of planning and operation,it relies heavily on the relationship between neighboring countries.From the construction status,the capital construction of most land border ports needs to be improved.From the effect,most of the ports of China's frontier development radiation power is not enough;In terms of negative effects,transnational crimes and separatist terrorist activities along the border ports are hard to avoid.According to the above characteristics,this paper proposes:establish the management concept of combining port access and control, and implement the management measures of both access andcontrol;Improving or upgrading the infrastructure of land border ports;Gradually change the current situation that the portsare more focus on economy and trade over than culture;Strengthen the complementation of China's border economy and tradewith neighboring countries through border ports;The number of ports should be reduced when the ports are too dense andthe number of ports should be increased when the ports are few. We can establish friendly relations with neighboringcountries on the premise of maintaining national territory and sovereignty, and lay an external foundation for the sounddevelopment of border ports;It connects land border ports with air and water ports, and builds six "One Belt And OneRoad" economic corridors.