基于家庭生命周期理论的老年人日常生活圈情境研究——以西安市为例

Context in Daily Life Circle of the Elderly Based on Family Life Cycle Theory:A Case Study of Xi’an City

基于家庭生命周期理论,采用新时间地理学的研究方法,以西安市为例,对老年人日常生活行为的日常情境、地理情境与社会情境进行分析。结果表明:不同家庭关系结构老年人所处的情境存在较大差异。空巢老人与独居老人的活动链更加破碎,双核家庭与多核家庭老年人的活动链规律性较强;家庭生命周期影响老年人的生活圈半径,同时也会影响老年人对社区内外休闲与购物场所活动的时间分配;空巢与多核家庭老年人多与家庭成员一起活动,独居老人则依赖邻居或朋友,双核家庭老年人活动同伴多样;不同尺度生活圈的活动同伴因家庭生命周期而异。

Under the background of aging,the planning of life circle urgently needs to pay attention to the needs of the elderly.The new time-geography research perspective shifts from“outside the home”to“inside the home”,paying attention to the impact of family constraints on individual activities,and provides new thinking for the study of life circle.The study combines the family life cycle theory,uses the research method of time geography to analyze the daily,geographical and social context of the daily life behavior of the elderly.The study found that the context of the elderly with different family relationship structures is quite different:(1)From the daily context,the activity chain of empty nesters and elderly people living alone is more broken,and the activity chain of the elderly in the dual-core family and multi-core families is more regular;(2)From the geographical context,the family life cycle affects the radius of the life circle of the elderly,and also affects the time allocation of the elderly to the leisure and shopping activities both inside and outside the community;(3)From the social context,the elderly from empty nesters or multi-core family are more active with family members,while those living alone rely on neighbors or friends,the elderly from dual-core family has a diverse range of activity companions.Besides,the activity companions in different scale life circle vary with the family life cycle.Finally,the article puts forward suggestions and research prospects for the aging life circle planning.