基于K-means聚类方法的早期聚落规模等级研究

Research on Scale and Grade of Early Settlement Based on K-means Clustering Method

选择聚落面积、文化层厚度、重要遗物、重要遗迹四大影响聚落规模等级的因子作为参评因子,通过数据预处理、数据归一化操作,利用K-means聚类方法对华夏文明核心区——环嵩山地区在裴李岗、仰韶、龙山、夏商4个时期的聚落规模等级进行划分。结果表明:(1)不同时期一级聚落的面积越来越大,在每个文化时期聚落中所占的比例却是越来越小。(2)各个文化时期的聚落数量有明显的等级分布特点,呈金字塔型层级结构,等级越高数量越少,等级越低数量越多。(3)裴李岗时期聚落等级规模之间的差异不明显。仰韶时期,聚落规模等级开始出现,龙山时期聚落规模等级进一步分化,夏商时期聚落规模等级最终形成。K-means聚类方法是早期聚落规模等级划分的科学有效的定量方法,可为区域文明化进程及聚落分布形态、聚落功能等问题研究提供重要依据。

Four factors affecting the scale and grade of settlements were selected as the evaluation factors:sites area,cultural layer thickness,important relics and important remains.Data were preprocessed and normalized by range standardization.The grade and scale of settlement of Peiligang,Yangshao,Longshan,Xiashang around Songshan Mountain were mined by K-means clustering method.The results showed that:(1)The area of Grade 1 settlements in different periods were increasing.However,their proportion in settlements were becoming smaller and smaller in each cultural period.(2)The number of settlements in different cultural periods had obvious characteristics of hierarchical distribution.A pyramid-shaped hierarchical structure was formed.The settlement with the highest scale grade was equivalent to the spire,the settlement with the middle scale grade was equivalent to the tower body,and the small settlement with the lowest scale grade and the largest number was equivalent to the bottom of the tower.The higher the scale grade was,the fewer the number was,the lower the scale grade was,and the more the number was.(3)There was no obvious difference between grade and scale of settlements in Peiligang Period.During the Yangshao Period,the grade and scale of early settlements began to appear.In Longshan Period,the scale of settlements was further differentiated.In Xiashang Period,the grade and scale of early settlements finally formed.Based on the K-means clustering method,the scale and grade of early settlements in the Songshan area were studied.K-means clustering method is a scientific and effective quantitative method for the grading of prehistoric settlement,and it can provide an important basis for the study of regional civilization process,settlement distribution and settlement function.