中国“以房养老”:现实困境、国际经验与应对策略

"House-for-pension Scheme"in China:Realistic Dilemma,International Experience and Strategies

作为一种补充养老方式,“以房养老”早在十余年前在中国就受到了广泛关注,民营机构、政府机构、银行以及保险等部门和行业均开展了一系列的实践和探索。但总体来看,由于传统观念和一系列顾虑因素存在,社会公众需求空间受到了极大限制,同时在系列风险的制约下,金融机构供给能力和意愿也稍显不足。此外,政策配套建设滞后,制度交易环境也尚不成熟,从而导致中国以房养老发展缓慢。从国外经验来看,公众的支持和认同、政府的参与和法律保障、成熟的产业形态、多样化的产品设计等都是其以房养老业务发展的重要保障,值得借鉴和完善。纵观中国以房养老的未来发展趋势,尽管其定位小众,但潜在市场不容忽视,应明确政府职能,完善以房养老制度环境,鼓励多方机构通力合作,优化以房养老产品,同时宣传多元化养老观念,强化以房养老理性认知,为以房养老的长期发展做好充分准备。

As a supplementary way of providing for the elderly,"house-for-pension scheme"has been receiving extensive attention in China since more than ten years ago.Private institutions,government agencies,banks,insurance departments and industries have carried out a series of practices.But overall,due to the traditional concept and a series of concerns,the social public demand has been greatly limited.At the same time,the financial institutions'supply capacity and willingness are also insufficient under the constraints of a series of risks.In addition,the construction of policy support is lagging behind,and the institutional trading environment is still immature,which has led to a slow development of house-for-pension scheme in China.From the experience of foreign countries,public support and recognition,government participation and legal support,mature industrial forms,and diversified product design are all important guarantees for the development of house-for-pension scheme.From the future development trend of China's housing pension,despite its positioning,the potential market cannot be ignored.The government's functions should be clarified,the house-for-pension scheme environment should be improved,and multi-sector cooperation should be encouraged to optimize the housing-based products.Besides,China should reinforce the concept of old-age care,strengthen the rational understanding of house-for-pension scheme in order to fully prepare for the long-term development of the house-for-pension scheme.