装备的作战完整性初探

A Study of Equipment Operational Integrity

传统装备通用质量特性如可靠性、维修性等均是从不同侧面反映装备的某一方面的质量特性。从装备完成作战任务的角度出发,提出了装备作战完整性——装备在作战使用过程中,在要求的耐久性、保障性、安全性、装备能力、生存力和修复性水平下,装备保持完好(或可以正常使用)及功能未受到削弱的属性,并以此表征装备在作战使用过程中的综合质量特性。装备作战完整性与作战适用性、作战效能一起构成了装备的3个基本属性,分别反映了装备在作战使用过程中是否“能用”“适用”“管用”的程度。进而对装备作战完整性内涵与表征方法进行了探讨,特别是对装备耐久性、生存力与修复性的概念、度量方法进行了较为仔细的阐述,并提出了装备承载能力-负荷干涉模型进行描述装备由于能力不足而引起的失效概率问题。

The universal quality characteristics of traditional equipment,such as reliability,maintainability,etc.,can be characterized by the quality characteristics in a certain aspect of an equipment from different sides.In order to analyze the equipment quality,some parameters are put forward,such as Reliability,Maintainability,safety,Supportability etc.But,each of these parameters only reflects one attribute of the equipment partially.Hence a compound parameter is necessary to show the comprehensive quality attribute of the equipment during the operational process.In this study,an Equipment Operational Integrity(EOI)is put forward,and defined as the attribute existence when equipment is sound and unimpaired while providing the desired level of equipment safety,performance,durability,supportability,survivability and recoverability.Then,a quantitative measurement method is proposed,which uses Equipment Operational Integrity Degree(EOID)to measure EOI,I o=f(U,A,S,C,S u,R c),linearly simplified as I o=UASCS u R c.And I o is evaluated based on durability degree U,availability degree A,safety degree S,livability degree C,survivability degree S u and recoverability degree R c.Also,the Equipment Readiness Rate R can be used to express EOI,R=E intact/E total,here E intact is intact equipment amount and E total is total equipment amount.And the connotation of the EOI is discussed in details,which reveals that the Equipment Operational Integrity tells if the equipment is capable to operate,the Equipment Operational Suitability tells if the equipment is suitable to operate,the Equipment Operational Effectiveness tells if the equipment is effective to operate,and all of them compound the three basic attributes of equipment.Meanwhile,the durability,survivability and recoverability of equipment are explained carefully,including the concepts and measurement methods.And the interference model of equipment Capability-Load is presented to show the equipment failure probability due to the weak load-bearing capabilities comparing with the acting loads during equipment operating process.