复杂系统范式下社会科学的模型化进路

The Modeling Path of Social Science under the Complex System Paradigm

模型化一直是社会科学重构认识论逻辑的有力途径。基于计算机模拟技术的发展,社会科学的建模路径从基于变量走向基于对象,特别是基于主体的建模。基于主体的模型一方面将社会系统整体的自下而上的突现过程展示出来,另一方面将系统要素之间交互作用受到的自上而下的整体性约束予以形式化,为动态地理解社会系统的生成和演化机制提供了新的认知模式与方法论工具,以一种复杂系统思维推动了社会科学朝着“问题导向”的趋向发展。

Modeling is a powerful way to reconstruct epistemic logic of social science.Based on the development of computer simulation technology,the modeling path under the complex system paradigm evolves from variable-based models to object-based models.The typical representative is agent-based model.On the one hand,it shows the bottom-up emergent process of social system,and on the other hand,it formalizes the top-down global constraints imposed on the constituent elements of social system and their interactions.It provides a new cognitive pattern and methodological tool for understanding and explaining the generation and evolution of social system.Meanwhile,it promotes a problem-oriented research program of social science according to the complex system thinking.