割手密野生资源抗逆性研究进展

Research Progress on Stress Resistance of Wild Germplasms Saccharum spontaneum L.

割手密作为现代甘蔗遗传杂交育种史上最为成功的野生亲本,对多种不良环境都具有很强的抗逆性,被公认为是抗逆基因的主要来源。但目前真正被有效利用的割手密抗逆亲本和抗逆基因非常有限,我国自育和引进甘蔗主栽品种的抗逆性仍然比较单一且普遍偏弱,因此加强割手密优良抗逆亲本筛选和抗逆基因挖掘利用研究意义重大。本文综述了不同基因型割手密在非生物逆境(干旱、低温等理化因素)和生物逆境(病虫害侵染)下的抗逆性鉴定及其抗逆基因克隆和功能验证等国内外相关研究进展;并探讨了当前割手密资源抗逆材料筛选和抗逆基因挖掘利用中存在的问题和今后的研究方向,希望为高效利用割手密优异抗逆基因资源开展甘蔗多抗逆性聚合育种提供参考。

Saccharum spontaneum L.is the closest relative wild species to the modern sugarcane cultivar.Considering the capacity on resistance to a variety of adverse environments,it was popularly used as donors in sugarcane breeding for resistant cultivars.To date,only a few of S.spontaneum L.clones and their resistance genes have been incorporated effectively into sugarcane commercial varieties,and the most of present cultivars have a single or weak resistance capacity and a narrow resource of resistance genes.It is of great significance to enhance the researches on screening of superior breeding parents with high stress resistance and mining of stress resistance genes from the wild germplasm such as S.spontaneum L..This review summarized the past and current research progresses on stress tolerance identification,cloning of resistant genes as well as functional validation from different S.spontaneum L.genotypes,for instance in fields of drought/chill tolerance and insects/pathogen diseases infections.The current problems and future prospects of the highly resistant genotypes screening and gene mining are also discussed.We expect to provide better understanding on the resistant variance from genotypes,and insights in efficient use of the rich resistant gene pool for future sugarcane breeding of multiple resistance polymerization.