云南省古茶树资源调查与分析

Survey and Analysis of Ancient Tea Plant Resources in Yunnan Province,China

为更好地保护和开发利用古茶树资源,2010-2017年对云南省12个地区58个县/市的古茶树资源进行了全面普查,依据《Flora of China》英文修订版分类确立了古茶树资源物种名录,建立初步的古茶树资源数据信息库。以此为基础,利用地理信息系统和统计学分析了云南古茶树资源种类组成、地理分布特征、生境类型及形态多样性。结果表明:云南古茶树种类多,调查共获得古茶树资源分布点474个,记录样本植株2570份,隶属7种6变种;古茶树资源分布广而不均,主要分布于滇西、滇南、滇东南及滇中哀牢山山脉,滇东南是古茶树物种多样性的分布中心,滇西是特有种的分化中心,云南古茶树资源的地理分布可能存在滇西-大理茶(Camellia taliensis(W.W.Sm.)Melch.)、滇南-普洱茶(C.sinensis var.assamica(J.W.Mast.)Kitam.)和滇东南-厚轴茶(C.crassicolumna H.T.Chang)3个现有分布中心;古茶树资源生境复杂多样,可大致分为原生林、次生林和高山旱地等3类,不同生境分布的古茶树种类及其生长状况有差异;古茶树资源具有丰富的形态多样性,其描述型性状多样性指数为0.58~1.48,数值型性状变异系数为4.37%~51.03%,总体上营养器官的变异性高于花部器官。本工作为进一步探讨云南地区古茶树资源的系统演化、多样性保护及合理利用提供了重要的本底资料。此外,根据古茶树资源现状,初步提出了一些保护利用建议。

In order to protect and utilize ancient tea plant resources,general survey of ancient tea plant resources were conducted in 58 counties of 12 prefectures from Yunnan province from 2010 to 2017.Following the instruction of the Flora of China,a database including these resources and the geographical distribution database were established.On this basis,the ancient tea plant resources in Yunnan were studied about their species composition,geographical distribution characteristics,habitat types and morphological diversity,with the help of geographic information system and statistical analysis.As a result,474 spots of ancient tea plant resources and 2570 ancient tea plants,which are clarified in 7 species and 6 variants,were identified,implying an abundance of ancient tea plants distributed in this area.These resources were often distributed in Western Yunnan,Southern Yunnan,Southeastern Yunnan and Ailao Mountain Chain.Out of that,Southeastern Yunnan was recognized as a center of the species diversity,and Western Yunnan was a center of endemic species.Three geographic distribution centers containing Camellia taliensis(W.W.Sm.)Melch.,C.sinensis var.assamica(J.W.Mast.)Kitam.and C.crassicolumna H.T.Chang were proposed,consisting of Western Yunnan,Southern Yunnan,and Southeastern Yunnan.Ancient tea plant resources were found with diversifying habitats,and they distributed in primary forest,secondary forest and alpine cultivated land areas.The genetic diversity index of the descriptive characteristics were ranged from 0.58 to 1.48.The abundant morphological diversity was observed with the variation coefficient of 4.37%to 51.03%.A higher variability of vegetative vs.reproductive organs were visualized.Taken together,this study provided important information for the evolution,diversity conservation and rational utilization of ancient tea plant resources in Yunnan,which allowed raising some suggestions on the future protection and exploitation.