王余照控案与清末川盐官运中的多重博弈

Multiple Games in Wang Yuzhao’s Accusation and the Official Transportation of Sichuan Salt in the Late Qing Dynasty

光绪初年,食盐官运商销改革在四川颇见成效。期间,灶户王余照上控一案中,光绪帝与户部、丁宝桢等川省官员及王余照等地方绅商的应对态度,以及事件最终走向都反映着各方势力的利益考量与角逐。中央与地方间的权、利相争使矛盾产生,各方不断通过权、利交换谋求利益的行为注定使改革的实际运作与条文章程之间交错影响,产生弹性空间,也为矛盾的调和提供可能——中央通过与督抚的权、利交换作出让步;督抚借调和中央与地方的矛盾实现权力扩张,为施政争取了空间;地方借中央与督抚的博弈来争取生存、发展空间。由此,该案有助于我们管窥清末制度嬗递前期的历史面向。

In the early years of Guangxu,the official salt transportation and marketing has been effectively reformed in Sichuan.During this period,in the case of the accuse by the salt boiler Wang Yuzhao,the different attitudes among different interest groups and the eventual trend of this case showed the fight and negotiation of these different parties.The conflict of rights and benefits between central and local government aroused the tension,while the exchange of benefits created a flexible space between the practical operation of the reform and the law,which made the soften of central-local contraction possible.The central government compromise with the viceroy;the viceroy tried to gain more power and bigger space for their own management by using the conflict between the central and the local;the local gentry merchants strives for better development through the negotiation between the central government and the viceroy.This case can provide a great angle for us to observe the historical and social environment in the late Qing Dynasty,and help us understand the early period of the system evolution.