我国退化草地修复技术研究进展

Research Progress on Restoration Technology of Degraded Grassland in China

草地是牧区生活、生产的重要物质基础,是生态安全的重要保障。目前我国草原退化面积大、分布广,加快开展退化草地修复已成为生态治理的重要任务之一。通过文献资料查询,对我国退化草地的基本现状及研究基础进行了简单介绍,着重分析了现有的主要自然修复措施和人工干预修复措施,分析结果显示:围栏封育、轮牧、休牧、禁牧等自然修复措施对退化草地修复有着重要的意义,适用于各类型的草地,是退化草地植被和土壤恢复的有效措施,但不同类型不同退化程度的草地围封、禁牧后应视恢复状况进行合理利用;免耕补播、施肥、浅耕翻、划破草皮、切根等人工干预修复措施是中重度退化草地植被和土壤恢复的更重要更有效的措施,但修复应用时需根据不同的草地类型、不同的自然条件等情况,因地制宜地选择使用。最后对当前退化草地修复和修复后利用研究进行了思考和展望,期望能为退化草地生态系统恢复与治理提供借鉴。

Grassland is an important material basis for living and production in pastoral areas and an important guarantee for ecological security.However,at present,the grassland degradation area in China is large and widely distributed,and accelerating the restoration of degraded grassland has become one of the important tasks of ecological management.This paper briefly introduced the basic status and research basis of degraded grassland in China through literature search,and mainly analyzed natural restoration measures and manual intervention and restoration measures.The results showed that natural restoration measures such as fence enclosure,rotational grazing,rest grazing,and grazing prohibition had important significance for the restoration of degraded grassland.They were applicable to all types of grassland and were effective measures for vegetation restoration and soil restoration in degraded grassland,but different types were degraded.Degraded grassland of different types and different degrees,after enclosure and grazing prohibition,reasonable use should be made according to the recovery situation.Manual intervention and remediation measures such as no-tillage replenishment,fertilization,shallow tillage,turf cutting,and root cutting were more important and effective measures for vegetation restoration and soil restoration in moderately and severely degraded grasslands,but the repair application should be based on different grassland types,different natural conditions,etc.,should be selected according to local conditions.At the end of this paper,the current research on the restoration and utilization of degraded grassland was considered and prospected,and it was expected to provide reference for the restoration and treatment of degraded grassland ecosystem.