不同脲甲醛肥料与尿素配施对夏玉米生长及土壤氮素的影响

Effects of Combined Application of Urea and Urea-formaldehyde Fertilizers on Summer Maize Growth and Soil Nitrogen

探究脲甲醛肥料与尿素配施对夏玉米生长及土壤氮素的影响,为制备夏玉米一次性施用的缓释氮肥提供理论依据。以夏玉米品种"隆平206"为供试材料,在微区试验条件下,设置3种不同工艺条件下合成的脲甲醛肥料(A、B、C)、常规施肥处理(U)、不施氮肥处理(PK)和不施肥处理(CK),研究不同脲甲醛肥料与尿素配施对夏玉米SPAD值、植株地上部吸氮量、产量、氮肥利用率、土壤无机氮含量的影响。结果表明,3种不同脲甲醛肥料均能有效提高玉米叶片SPAD值,脲甲醛肥料B效果最显著。脲甲醛肥料较普通尿素显著提高夏玉米产量和籽粒吸氮量,增产达5.7%~19.3%,籽粒吸氮量增加5.81%~20.15%,均以脲甲醛肥料B产量最高,脲甲醛肥料C次之,脲甲醛肥料A产量最低。脲甲醛肥料处理的氮肥利用率、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学效率均高于常规尿素处理,分别增加2.98~9.62百分点、4.18~5.95 kg/kg和4.19~5.96 kg/kg,规律相似,以脲甲醛肥料B最高,脲甲醛肥料C次之,两者无显著差异。3种脲甲醛肥料配施尿素处理的土壤铵态氮在第30~50天显著高于常规尿素处理,而土壤硝态氮在第10、30和50天显著高于常规尿素处理。3种不同脲甲醛缓释肥中,脲甲醛肥料B处理效果最好,可作为夏玉米专用缓释肥。

The effect of combined application of urea-formaldehyde on the growth of summer maize and soil nitrogen was explored.It could provide theoretical basis for the preparation of slow-released nitrogen fertilizer for summer maize.The summer maize variety“Longping 206”was used as study object,under the condition of the micro area test.Treatments consisted of synthesis of urea-formaldehyde(A,B,C)and conventional fertilization treatment(U),no nitrogen(PK)and no fertilizer treatment(CK).SPAD,N uptake,yield,N use efficiency,N partial nutrient productivity,N agronomic efficiency and soil inorganic nitrogen content were investigated in this study.Three different kinds of urea-formaldehyde fertilizers could effectively increase the SPAD value of maize leaves,and specially the effect of urea formaldehyde fertilizer B was more significant.Urea-formaldehyde fertilizer significantly increased the yield of summer maize by 5.7%-19.3%,compared to urea treatment.The maize yields with urea-formaldehyde treatments from high to low were as the following:urea-formaldehyde fertilizer B>C>A.The N uptake of summer maize grains treated with urea formaldehyde fertilizer was significantly higher than that of conventional urea treatment with an increase of 5.81%-20.15%.The N uptake of summer maize grains with urea-formaldehyde treatments from high to low were as the following:urea-formaldehyde fertilizer B>C>A.The N use efficiency,N partial nutrient productivity and N agronomic efficiency of urea-formaldehyde fertilizer were all higher than those of conventional urea treatment.The N use efficiency,N partial nutrient productivity and N agronomic efficiency of urea-formaldehyde fertilizers from high to low were as the following:urea-formaldehyde fertilizer B>C>A.There was no significant difference between B and C treatments.The N use efficiency,N partial nutrient productivity and N agronomic efficiency of urea-formaldehyde fertilizer increased by 2.89-9.62 percentage points,4.18-5.95 kg/kg and 4.19-5.96 kg/kg,respectively,compared with conventional urea treatment.Urea-formaldehyde fertilizer had a certain effect on soil inorganic nitrogen.Especially in the 30th to 50th days,the soil ammonium nitrogen with combined application of urea-formaldehyde fertilizers and urea treatments was significantly higher than that of conventional urea treatment.Soil nitrate nitrogen with combined application of urea-formaldehyde fertilizers and urea treatments was significantly higher than conventional urea treatment on days 10,30 and 50.Among the three kinds of urea-formaldehyde slow-release fertilizers,the urea-formaldehyde fertilizer B treatment has obtained relatively the best results,which can be used as a special slow-release fertilizer for summer maize.