我国南方海上丝绸之路音乐传播的形态变迁与文化根基

On the Morphological Changes and Cultural Foundations of Music Transmission on the Southern China Maritime Silk Road

南方古代海上丝绸之路的音乐传播从类型上看主要有礼乐、宗教音乐与民俗音乐三大类型,而且经历了由礼乐、宗教音乐过渡到民俗音乐的转变过程。无论传入或是传出,传播层面也经历了由社会上层向下层的转移。从海上丝绸之路传播的音乐内容可以看出,我国历代发达的沿海经济文化圈与江海文化带一直是各地区各民族音乐文化传播的基础。明代以后,随着南方沿海居民下南洋谋生,音乐文化的传播活动由官方主导变为民间主动,传播范围由以海上丝绸之路沿途港口为中心的经济文化圈扩大至东南亚各国,传播方向由以传入为主转变为以传出为主,传播主体由海商转变为南方沿海南下谋生的人群。

There are mainly three types of ritual music,religious music and folk music in terms of the types of music transmission on the ancient Southern Silk Road.Regardless of incoming or outgoing,the level of transmission has also undergone a shift from the top of the society to the bottom.From the content of music transmission on the Maritime Silk Road,it can be seen that China's developed coastal economic and cultural circles and the Jianghai cultural belt have been the basis for the transmission of music culture on the Maritime Silk Road in all regions and ethnic groups.After the Ming Dynasty,as southern coastal residents made a living in the Southeast Asia,the transmission of music culture changed from official leadership to non-governmental initiative,and the scope of transmission expanded from economic and cultural circles centered on ports along the Maritime Silk Road to Southeast Asian countries.Incoming mainly changed to outgoing,and the main body of transmission changed from maritime merchants to people living southward to the south coast.