人类学家的史学情怀——林惠祥《中国民族史》对匈奴族研究的学术贡献

Anthropologists'Pedigree of Historical Discourse:The Academic Practice and Paradigm Construction of Lin Huixiang's Research Method of Chinese Ethnic History in the Textual Research and Interpretation of the Huns

匈奴以有别于农耕文明的游牧部落身份登上历史舞台,终在民族融合的历史选择中告别政权实体,而近代以来国内复杂的民族关系又迫使有识之士对包括匈奴在内已消失的古代民族进行回溯与新探,以鉴时局。林惠祥作为国内较早将人类学方法引入史学领域的“功能主义学派”的重要代表之一,其作《中国民族史》不仅成为当世民族史书写的典范,其中“匈奴系”一章更是从族源谈起,借助人类学方法研究匈奴历史,并围绕与中原王朝的博弈和较量,保留了古代族际间难忘记忆与壮阔史诗。

The Huns,as a nomadic tribe different from farming civilization,stepped on the stage of history and finally bid farewell to the entity of political power in the historical choice of ethnic integration.Since modern times,the complicated ethnic relations in China have forced insightful people to retrospect and explore the disappeared an cient ethnic groups,including the Huns,in order to keep abreast of the current situation.Lin Huixiang,as one of the important representatives of the"functionalist school"which introduced anthropological methods into the field of historiography earlier in China,not only became a model of the writing of contemporary national history,but also started with the origin of the ethnic group in the chapter of the"Hun Family",studied the history of the Huns by means of anthropological methods,and retained the ancient inter-ethnic relationship around the game and contest with the Central Plains dynasties.It is hard to forget the memory and magnificent epic.