传统村落文化景观保护性补偿模型及湘西实证

Cultural landscape protection compensation model of traditional villages and its application in Xiangxi

本文提出了传统村落文化景观保护性补偿的理论框架,基于理论框架构建了传统村落文化景观保护性补偿模型。以湖南省湘西州为例,甄别驱动因素、佐证补偿模型。结果表明:①从传统建筑风貌、村落选址和格局、村落非物质文化遗产活态传承及其村落社会经济发展水平看,湘西传统村落符合实施文化景观保护性补偿的条件;②从景观特性及价值、外部市场认可度、自我损失、政府管理等层面而言,湘西传统村落文化景观保护性补偿符合所提出的补偿模型;③从驱动因素看,湘西82个中国传统村落文化景观保护性补偿特征符合模型中的景观特性、政府管理、外部市场和自我损失综合驱动型;④湘西传统村落文化景观保护性补偿可划分为社会经济补偿型、历史文化补偿型和自然环境补偿型,各类型的社会经济、历史文化、自然环境等因素均影响补偿模型结构。

Cultural landscape protection compensation is a new topic in modern human geography. In this paper, we firstly proposed the theoretical framework of cultural landscape protection compensation of traditional villages, and then set up the cultural landscape protection compensation model on the basis of proposed theoretical framework. Finally, we discriminated the driving factors and offered a proof to the model, which takes Xiangxi nationality autonomous prefecture in Hunan province as a case study. The results can be concluded as follows:(1) From the aspects of the traditional architectural style, the location and pattern of villages, dynamical inheritance of the intangible cultural heritage of villages, and the level of their social and economic development of villages, traditional villages in Xiangxi conforming to the implementation conditions of cultural landscape protection compensation.(2) From the aspects of landscape characteristics and values, external market recognition, selfloss, government management, etc., cultural landscape protection compensation of traditional villages in Xiangxi conforms to the proposed cultural landscape protection compensation model.(3) From the aspects of its driving factors, cultural landscape protection compensation features of the 82 traditional villages in Xiangxi are in accordance with the comprehensive driving mode of landscape characteristics, government management, external market and selfloss.(4) In the traditional villages of Xiangxi, the cultural landscape protection compensation can be divided into three types, namely, social and economic compensation, historical and cultural compensation, and natural environment compensation. The factors of each type, such as social economy, historical culture, natural environment, all influence the structure of the compensation model.