全球地方化视角下旅游地尺度重组——以浙江乌镇为例

Rescaling of tourism destination under the glocalization perspective:A case study of Wuzhen, Zhejiang province

权力、资本与空间的作用关系是马克思主义地理学的重要议题,近年来旅游地通过丰富的空间实践接驳全球化进程,为这一领域的研究提供了鲜活的案例。以浙江乌镇为研究案例,通过全球地方化的研究视角,结合Harvey的资本循环理论和Smith的尺度重组理论提出分析框架,将尺度重组理解为一种由权力、资本作用于多尺度空间而形成的复杂过程。基于质性研究方法,对乌镇从"前旅游阶段"向"旅游阶段"和"后旅游阶段"转变过程中的尺度重组进行分析。结果表明:乌镇尺度重组过程是对中国改革开放以来社会经济变革的微观映射;乌镇尺度重组是全球、国家、区域、地方等不同等级空间尺度"自上而下"和"自下而上"双向综合作用的结果;乌镇尺度重组具有作为权力、资本与空间互动作用下的方式和结果的双重属性,权力、资本与空间之间的交互逻辑是其核心机制;乌镇的空间实践在微观层面上拓展了权力、资本与空间相关探讨的研究范围。作为介于城市与农村之间的空间单元,乌镇的全球地方化实践走出了一条"兼容二元"的现实路径,这对改善中国当前城乡发展不平衡现状具有借鉴意义。

The relationship of power, capital and space is an important issue of the Marxist geography. In recent years, tourism destinations have been gradually connected to the globalization process through abundant spatial practices, providing vivid cases for the research in this field. Taking Wuzhen as a study case, this paper has put forward an analytical framework by putting together David Harvey’s circuits of capital theory and Neil Smith’s rescaling theory based on the literature review, which regards rescaling as a complex process formed by power and capital acting on a multi-scale space. Using the qualitative research method, this paper analyzes the rescaling of Wuzhen during its transformation from "pretourism stage" to "tourism stage" and finally to "post-tourism stage". The results of this study show that the rescaling of Wuzhen is a microscopic mapping of social and economic changes since China’s reform and opening-up. The rescaling of Wuzhen is the result of a two-way comprehensive action of "top-down" and "bottom-up" at different scale levels, such as global,national, regional and local levels, and it has dual attributes as method and result under the interaction of power, capital and space. The logic of interaction between power, capital and space is the core mechanism of the rescaling of Wuzhen. The spatial practice of Wuzhen expands the research scope of power, capital and space relevance at a micro level. As a space unit between urban and rural areas, the glocalization space practice of Wuzhen has come out of a "compatible binary relation" realistic path, which is a reference to the improvement of the current imbalance of urban and rural development in China.