社会组织参与政府购买公共服务的困境与优化--基于制度场域框架的分析

The Dilemmas and Optimization of Social Organizations Participation in Government Purchase of Public Services--An Analysis Based on System Field Framework

社会组织在参与政府购买公共服务时存在诸多困境,已有研究多从政府主导角度进行分析,这并不能真正解读相关困境。本研究以B市C区为个案,运用访谈和参与观察的方法收集社会组织参与政府购买公共服务的第一手资料,并提出社会组织运行的制度场域分析框架。研究发现,社会组织在服务供给中存在的服务目标、服务过程和服务能力等困境已经对政府购买公共服务制度实践产生了明显的消极影响。这些困境的产生是社会组织运行的制度场域中权力、规则和信息等资源的扩散机制综合影响的结果,涉及到政府、第三方评估机构和社会组织等三类代表主体。因此,社会组织参与政府购买公共服务的困境应当通过制度场域中各代表主体协商共治加以优化。通过解决社会组织运行的制度场域中存在的系统性困境,可以有效激发社会组织的理想功能,显著推动政府购买公共服务健康发展,进而对探索中国社会治理体系和能力提供路径选择。

Social organizations have many dilemmas in participating in government purchase of public services. Many existing researches analyzing from the perspective of government orientation cannot really interpret the dilemmas. Taking district C of city B as an example,this study collecting first-hand data on its government purchase of public services by means of interview and participant observation, proposes the system field framework of social organization operation. The study finds that the dilemmas in service targets,service processes and service capabilities of the social organizations in their service supplies have a significant negative impact on the practice of government purchase of public services. In the system field of social organization operation,the dilemmas come up as mixture of the power,rules and information in their diffusion mechanism, and three representatives are involved such as the government,the third-party evaluation institutions and the social organizations. Therefore,the dilemmas of social organizations participation in government purchase of public services should be optimized through consultation and co-governance of all representatives in the system field. Solution of the systematic dilemmas in the operating system field of the social organizations can effectively stimulate their potential functions, promoting government purchase of public services,and thus enhancing Chinese social governance system and capability.