政府工具识别分类新捋

New Classification of Government Tools

识别分类是政府工具研究的基础工作,本文试图构建一个新的概念框架。依从强制性与非强制性的基本逻辑关系,在学界已有分类基础上,以规范作为基点,可以将法律、政策和制度作为同一类型的政府工具;基于行政法的特殊功用和与政府规制存在诸多交集的双重立意,可以将行政执法单列出来作为一类政府工具;此外,以非强制性作为主要特征,可以将市场化工具、社会化工具、道德教育工具和文化宣传工具归为综合性的政府工具。运用政府工具的重点在于选择,要控制好选择匹配的各种影响因素;要学会辩证思维,认真分析工具运用面临的挑战,积极寻求提升工具使用效能的路径。

Classification is a basic work of government tools research. Compliance with the basic logical relationship between mandatory and non-mandatory,we attempts to construct a new conceptual framework. On the foundation of existing classification in the academic circle,starting from the norms,we can regard law,policy and system as the same type of government tools;based on the special functions of administrative law and the dual utility of government regulations,we can regard administrative enforcement of law as a kind of government tool;in addition,based on the main feature of non-mandatory,we can regard market-oriented tools,social tools,moral education tools and cultural propaganda tools as comprehensive government tools. The key to the application of government tools is how to choose it,thus,we must control the various influence factors of the selection tools;we should use dialectical thinking to utilize government tools,carefully analyze the challenges of it,and try to find a solution to improve the performance of it.