方言差异、社会融合与流动人口幸福感

Dialect Disparity,Social Assimilation and Subjective Well-being of Floating Population

大规模的人口跨区域流动,在为城市带来新经济增长动力的同时,以语言为代表的群体间文化差异也引发了一系列社会问题。区别于以往研究中将语言视为个体人力资本,本文将语言作为个体文化背景差异的代表。基于中国汉语方言地理分布信息,构建了表征方言差异的语言差异变量,运用OLS回归方法,探究方言差异对流动人口幸福感的影响及其内在机制。实证结果表明,相比于流动到与原籍相同方言区的群体,流动到与原籍不同方言区的群体更不幸福,其在迁入地的社会融合难度也更大。进一步的中介效应检验发现,方言通过增加流动人口在迁入地的社会融合难度进而降低其幸福感。本文的研究对解决人口流动过程中,出现的文化和社会融合问题具有重要意义。

Large-scale cross-regional migration of population not only brings new economic growth impetus to cities, but also causes a series of social problems due to cultural disparity between groups represented by languages. Different from previous studies that regard language as individual human capital, this paper takes language as the representative of individual cultural background differences. Based on the geographical distribution information of Chinese dialects, the paper constructs the language difference variables representing the dialect differences, and uses OLS regression method to explore the influence of dialect differences on the happiness of floating population and its internal mechanism.The empirical results show that compared with the groups that flow to the same dialect areas as their origin, the groups that flow to different dialects are less happy and have greater difficulty in social integration in the destination. Further test of the mediating effect shows that dialect reduces the happiness of the floating population by increasing the difficulty of social assimilation. The study of this paper is of great significance for solving the problems of cultural and social integration in the process of population flow.