西方利基政党类型理论述评

A Review of Western Niche Parties Type Theory

利基政党(Niche Parties)概念自邦尼·M·马吉德提出以来,西方学者对这一政党类型的定义、分类、特色行为模式、选举表现的理论解释等进行了广泛地研究,形成了内容丰富的利基政党类型理论,反映并勾画了20世纪下半期西欧出现的一批不同于传统主流政党的绿党、激进右翼政党和民族地区主义政党等新型政党的特点,对西方社会中的政党变化具有较强的解释力。但是,利基政党类型理论忽视了个体政党之间的区别,主要局限于西欧政党政治,其适用性与解释力无疑受到了限制。

Since the concept of Niche Parties was proposed by Bonny Magid,western scholars have extensively studied the definition,classification and characteristic behavior model of this party type,and the theoretical explanation of election performance.Western academic circles formed a rich theory of niche party types,reflecting and sketching the characteristics of a number of new parties such as the Green Party,Radical Right Party and Ethnoregionalist Party that appeared in Western Europe in the second half of the 20th century.However,the theory of niche parties ignores the differences between individual parties,and is mainly limited to Western European party politics.Its applicability and explanatory power are undoubtedly limited.