塑造“新美利坚”——美国现代国家构建的社会历史根基

The Socio-historical Basis of State-building of the Modern United States

作为一个在新大陆“白手起家”的现代国家,美国长期以来在人们心中形成了根深蒂固的“先社会、后国家”“强社会、弱国家”形象,这也是“美国例外论”的一个重要维度。但事实上,自19世纪南北战争以来,美国国家系统不断扩张,中央行政权力持续强化;20世纪以来,在福利国家转向以及国家安全和行政管理的要求下,美国以联邦行政部门为中心形成了一个“中央官僚国家”。

To understand the process and socio-historical dynamics of Amcrican state-butiding in the modern era,this article synthesizes the essentials of previous scholarships in relevant fields and proposes a broad conceptual schema that consist of "welfare state", "national security state", "managerial state",and "associational state",which respectively reveal major aspects and idiosyncrasies of the United States.Additionally,it discusses the ways in which the growth of organizational and associational power of the American society was contributing to the statebuilding project.