习得的语言范畴对注意前颜色范畴知觉的影响:一项ERP研究

The Effect of Trained Lexical Categories on Preattentive Categorical Perception of Color:An ERP Study

该研究探讨了语言范畴对注意前颜色知觉的影响依赖于语言范畴与颜色长期联结还是其即时分类颜色,同时检验了习得的语言范畴是否能因果性地改变早期颜色知觉机能。采用G1、G2、B1、B2(前两者为绿色,后两者为蓝色)4种连续变化的颜色为材料。学习组和分类组被试分别接受6次和1次色词与颜色重组训练,学习4种颜色不同的新名称,并在之后均接受视觉Oddball脑电测试。训练结果显示:学习组稳定地习得了4种颜色的新名称,分类组能以新名称将颜色分为4类。测试结果显示:学习组的颜色知觉中出现了与习得语言范畴对应的偏侧化注意前颜色范畴知觉,分类组的颜色知觉中未出现与颜色分类对应的偏侧化注意前颜色范畴知觉。研究结果表明:语言范畴对注意前颜色知觉的影响依赖于语言范畴与颜色长期联结而非其即时分类颜色;习得的语言范畴能引起偏侧化注意前颜色范畴知觉,提示习得的语言范畴能因果性地改变早期颜色知觉机能。

The present study investigated whether the effect of trained lexical categories on preattentive categorical perception(CP)of color depends on learning lexical categories steadily or discriminating color instantly,and verified whether trained lexical categories can shape the perceptual mechanism of color.In an experiment,four gradual colors,including green 1(G1),green 2(G2),blue 1(B1)and blue 2(B2)were used and two groups of participants were recruited.The training group was trained to name the four colors with four meaningless syllables respectively,in six training sessions,while the discriminating group received the training in only one session.After the training,both groups completed a visual Oddball task.Training data showed that,after the training,the training group learned the new names of the four colors correctly and steadily,and the discriminating group could discriminate the four colors into four categories.ERP data showed that there was a lateralized preattentive color CP corresponding to the training for the training group,but no such effect for the discriminating group.In conclusion,the results of the present study showed that:(1)the effect of lexical categories on preattentive color CP depends on learning lexical categories steadily rather than discriminating color instantly;(2)trained lexical categories can causally produce lateralized preattentive color CP,suggesting that lexical categories can shape the perceptual mechanism of color.