“第一书记”扶贫治理的困境与对策分析——以豫北D村为例

Analysis of the Dilemma and Countermeasures of First Secretary in Poverty Alleviation——Taking Village D in the North of Henan as an Example

驻村“第一书记”制度是精准扶贫收官期国家着重倚靠的贫困治理手段。通过对豫北D村的田野调查发现,“第一书记”嵌入乡村社会面临双重脱嵌的实践困境,一方面表现为横向排斥与纵向束缚下的结构性脱嵌;另一方面表现为人际网络断裂、社会共识欠缺、贫困户参与不足的关系性脱嵌,降低了贫困治理的实践效能。为优化“第一书记”扶贫治理实践的嵌入性,应建立权责清单制度,明晰扶贫主体职责权限;转变贫困治理理念,构建协同治理机制;强化与贫困村村民互动;加强乡村文化建设,加大政策宣传力度,恢复乡村互惠共识;发挥村民社会参与主体性,促进社会资本再生产。

First Secretary system in the village is a poverty management method that the country relies heavily on during the precise eradication of poverty.A field survey of D village in northern Henan found that First Secretary embedded in the rural society was facing a dilemma of double de-embedding practice.On the one hand,it shows the structural de-embedding under horizontal exclusion and vertical restraint;on the other hand,it shows the relationship de-embedding,such as the breakdown of interpersonal networks,the imbalance of public norms,and the insufficient social participation,and then results in the reduced accuracy and effectiveness of poverty governance.This article maintains that in order to optimize the integration of First Secretary system with the local society,on the one hand,it is necessary to clarify the duties and responsibilities of the main subjects of poverty alleviation,establish a rights and liabilities list system,and build a collaborative governance mechanism;on the other hand,it is also necessary to strengthen interaction with poor villagers by strengthening rural cultural construction,allowing villagers to actively participate in,improving public norms,and promoting the reproduction of social capital.Thereby,the effectiveness and efficiency of First Secretary system can be improved and the expected goal of fighting poverty can also be achieved.