人工智能体医疗损害责任分析——以达芬奇手术机器人为例

Analysis on the Compensation for Medical Damage of Artificial Intelligence Robot——Taking the Da Vinci Surgical Robot as an Example

在医疗领域内,以达芬奇手术机器人为代表的人工智能体所引发的侵权问题一直以来较少被关注。在技术发展初期,人工智能体无法脱离产品属性,造成的侵权纠纷可以从解释论的角度参照适用医疗产品责任的相关规定,但设计研发的缺陷需要在严格责任的基础上进行特别软化,以“合理替代设计”取代“消费者合理期待”标准。随着人工智能深度学习能力的提升,具备独立法律人格的人工智能体引起的医疗损害责任则需要从立法论的角度重新界定责任主体与赔偿方式。从整个法律推理过程来看,在人工智能体医疗损害纠纷中,相比于举证责任分配而言,以医疗鉴定为核心的事实认定更加关键。从技术创新视角来看,法律规制的边界需要慎重把握。

In the medical field,the problem of infringement caused by artificial intelligence robots represented by Da Vinci surgical robots has been less concerned.In the early stages of technology development,artificial intelligence cannot be separated from product attributes,and the infringement disputes caused by it can refer to the relevant provisions of applicable medical product liability from the perspective of interpretation.However,the defects in design and development should be specially softened on the basis of strict liability,with“Rational Replacement Design”substituting the“Consumer Reasonable Expectations”standard.With the improvement of the artificial intelligence in deep learning ability,the liability for medical damage caused by the artificial intelligence with independent legal personality needs to redefine the subject of liability and the method of compensation from the perspective of legislation.Judging from the perspective of the entire legal reasoning process,in the medical damage disputes of artificial intelligence,the factual identification,with medical identification as the core,is more critical than the distribution of burden of proof.From the perspective of technological innovation,the boundaries of legal regulation need to be carefully grasped.