唐山市献血人群弓形虫抗体检测和输血残余风险分析

Detection of Antibodies Against Toxoplasma Gondii in the Blood Donors and Its Risk Analysis of Residual Blood Transfusion

目的 观察唐山市献血人群的弓形虫抗体检测结果及输血残余风险。方法 对唐山市血站308 024份血液标本进行弓形虫IgG抗体、IgM抗体检测,分析弓形虫抗体阳性献血人群的分布特征、危险因素以及输血残余风险。结果 唐山市献血人群的弓形虫抗体阳性3 453例 (1.14%),且呈逐年上升趋势(由2013年的0.92%上升到2018年1~6月的1.30%)(χ^2=32.449,P<0.05);喜生食者、常接触动物者、重复献血者的抗体阳性率较高,分别为3.78%、2.85%、2.14%,且为献血人群弓形虫抗体阳性的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。献血人群弓形虫输血残余总风险为9.39×10^-6,且喜生食者的输血残余风险(37.33×10^-6)高于不常生食(5.57×10^-6);常接触动物者的输血残余风险(40.06×10^-6)高于不常接触动物者(4.83×10^-6);首次献血者的输血残余风险(14.30×10^-6)高于重复献血者(6.79×10^-6)(P<0.05)。结论 本市献血人群弓形虫抗体阳性率较高,且有逐年上升趋势,经常生食和经常接触动物两类献血人群的弓形虫输血残留风险较高,可能给唐山市血液安全带来了潜在威胁。

Objective To observe the antibody prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in blood donors and analyze the residual risk of blood transfusion in Tangshan City.Methods A total of 308,024 blood samples were tested for IgG and IgM antibodies to T.gondii.The distribution characteristics,risk factors and residual risk of blood transfusion were analyzed.Results There were 3453 cases(1.14%)of blood donors who were found to be positive for Toxoplasma antibodies,and the frequency trends to be increasing(from 0.92%in 2013 to 1.30%in 2018)(χ^2=32.449,P<0.05);the positive rates were high in those with undercooked meat consumption,frequent contact to animals and repetitive blood donations(3.78%,2.85%and 2.14%,respectively).The total risk of Toxoplasma transfusion residue in the blood donors was 9.39×10^-6,and that in those with raw/undercooked food consumption(37.33×10^-6)was high(5.57×10^-6).The risk of blood transfusion residue in those with frequent contact to animals(40.06×10^-6)and repeated donations(14.30×10^-6)was elevated compared with the other donors(P<0.05).Conclusion The antibody prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in blood donors seems to be increasing.The high risk of T.gondii residue in blood donors with raw/undercooked foods and/or frequent contact to animals may be a potential threat to blood safety.