摘要
Using the analysis of a single word to launch a conceptual review of(a problem in)cultural history,the Chinese term zhexue哲學(wisdom-learning,tetsugaku)is not simply a translation of the word"philosophy";its inventor,Nishi Amanc(1829-97),regarded it as the(Western)counterpart of Oriental learning(Toyogaku).The first explic让linkage of"philosophy"with"the East"was at The University of Tokyo,where it played an important role in the work of Kato Hiroyuki(1836-1913)and Inoue Tetsujiro(1855-1944).Inoue's History of Oriental Philosophy、written under Kato's inspiration,used Western philosophy to systematize ancient Chinese thought,and transformed"philosophy"(tetsugaku)from a learning of others,or Western learning,into an important component of the spiritual world of the East,and into a kind of univosal knowledge.This was completely different from earlier lectures on"China philosophy"、shina tctsugaku)by Nakamura Masanao(1832-91)and Shimada Jurei(1838-98)which still followed the Chinese underlying structure,and in the background,it had the intent of grasping the power to control East Asian discourse.In China,when young scholars like Wang Guowei(1877-1927)embraced philosophy,they already took its universality as a self-evident premise.This kind of alignment later evolved into a s让uation where it seemed entirely natural to use Western systems to interpret Chinese thought,and it also induced serious scholars to reflect However,"Oriental philosophy"and"Chinese philosophy"provide East Asia and especially China with an opportunity to reevaluate its traditional culture.In this connection,"Chinese philosophy"includes:first,using philosophical concepts to re-provision ancient thought(the so-called history of Chinese philosophy);second,the occurrence of"philosophy"and"Chinese philosophy''and their evolution after their arrival in China;third,drawing on philosophy to enrich and develop China's thinking.When seeking out"philosophy”in the veins and arteries of China's history,the first and second aspects must be strictly distinguished.As to what the future may hold,the effect of the third aspect is most important.
