乾隆年间治理替考舞弊的历史经验

The Historical Experience of Governing Fraud in the Qianlong Period of the Qing Dynasty

替考是常见的舞弊形式。清代乾隆年间,伴随着商品经济的发展,替考舞弊凸现成为考试大弊。为此,清政府将清除替考舞弊作为治考的重点,大力开展清查活动。就其治理效果而言,严查究治之效显著,每次都打击了替考舞弊,保障了考试的顺利进行,但最终结果不仅未能绝其根株,反而使替考舞弊有增无减,更加频繁。这两种对立的效果,为后人治考并探讨清除替考舞弊的有效途径提供了借鉴。

Taking an examination instead of others is a common form of fraud.With the development of economy,substitution in the exam has become a big cheat.The government carried out activities to rectify it vigorously.These activities knocked the substitution and guaranteed the progress of exam.But it increased the rate of substitution.These two opposite effects promoted people to explore effective ways to eliminate fraud and substitution.