他者心灵,政治有机体及日常语言的“戏剧化”本性——以斯坦利·卡维尔论《科利奥兰纳斯》为例

The Mind of the Other,Political Organism,and the Dramatic Nature of Ordinary Language:A Case Study of Stanley Cavell’s Comments on Coriolanus

作为将日常语言哲学,尤其是后期维特根斯坦思想运用于文艺作品阐释的先驱,斯坦利·卡维尔深入分析了后期维氏关于"他者心灵"及"私人语言"的论述,指出一种真正的日常语言思维即是对于"实证性"迷思所带来的怀疑主义诱惑的拒斥。在对于莎剧《科利奥兰纳斯》的解读中,卡维尔通过对于"食欲"这一政治有机体隐喻的剖析,呈现了维氏的相关批判何以是通过一种"戏剧化"行为展现的。以日常语言思维探究戏剧的本体论机制,同时即是在履行维氏所说的"治疗"。

Stanly Cavell is the precursor to apply the philosophy of ordinary language,especially the thought of later Ludwig Wittgenstein,into analyzing literary and artistic works.Through detailed analysis of Wittgenstein’s discussions on the issues of"the mind of the other"and"private language"s,Cavell claims that thinking in ordinary language is to reject a seduction of the skepticism brought about by the myth of positivism.In his reading of Shakespeare’s Coriolanus,Cavell expounds"appetite"as a metaphor of political organism,demonstrating how Wittgenstein’s criticism is embodied in a dramatic way.The ontological mechanism of drama realized through explorations of ordinary language is itself also a practice of what Wittgenstein refers to as"therapy".