平等与大同:近代以来世界主义在中国的生成、流变与价值

Formation, Development and Significance of Cosmopolitanism in Modern China

从晚清到民国,是近代中国政治社会的大转型时期。面对这种数千年未有之大变局,在知识分子群体之中,酝酿和形成了各种思潮与主义,其中大多是融合中西不同思想的产物,其中包括引介西方理论学说并加以本土化改造而形成的世界主义思想。从康有为、梁启超、谭嗣同、严复、孙中山等人,致力于改造旧政治体制,以世界主义为依据重建新的社会理想和新的政治秩序。近代中国世界主义思想包含了如何挽救国家危亡、如何认识和处理与西方国家之间的关系以及人类社会的理想秩序等内容。归纳来看,平等与大同是中国世界主义思想的核心内容,也是能够为世界贡献中国智慧和中国方案的价值理念。

A major transformation of modern Chinese political society took place during late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, during which western books about the social sciences were translated by the Chinese Intellectuals. Those people absorbed Western ideas, learnt from traditional Chinese philosophies and ideas, and developed their own cosmopolitan theory. From KANG Youwei, LIANG Qichao, Tan Sitong, Yan Fu, to Sun Yat-sen and others, they were committed to revolutionalising the old political system and building a new political order. At present, China is an emerging power with world influence and should contribute to the world. The prominent political thinker and reformer in modern China are concerned about how to save the country from national humiliation, how to recognize and deal with Western countries and the ideal of the good society. In this sense, Chinese cosmopolitanism still has important implications for the rapidly developing China.