同题新闻评论文体对比研究

Contrastive analysis of the styles of news comments on the same issue

新媒体时代,同题新闻竞争策略与方式的探讨成为热点。本文以功能文体学为理论基础,建构一个同题新闻对比分析框架,通过全面探讨词汇语法层面的突出特征及其前景化,对《卫报》和《华盛顿邮报》中有关特朗普当选美国总统的两篇同题社论进行功能文体对比分析。研究发现不同的文化语境决定了情景语境对语义层的选择呈现出较大文体差异,体现不同的意义建构策略:前者建构了一场世界性灾难,语气较为严肃,劝说策略上偏重品德(ethos),以树立权威为主,互动性受限;后者主要聚焦国内社会问题,语气较为缓和,劝说策略上侧重情感(pathos),以拉拢人心为主,互动性较强。本研究还发现,不同文化背景下的新闻评论虽然同主题,但不一定同目的、同视角,从而可使它们大相径庭。

In the era of new media,it has become a hot topic to investigate the strategies and methods adopted by the competing news of the same issue. Based on functional stylistic theory,the article constructs a framework for contrastive analysis of news on the same issue. Through the analysis of prominent features of the lexicogrammar and their foregrounding,this article contrastively analyzes and studies the styles of the two editorials on the same issue: Trump’s being American President-elect from The Guardian and The Washington Post respectively. It is found that different contexts of culture motivate the choice of different semantic patterns in different news comment texts through the contexts of situation,which results in differences in style and strategies of meaning construction. The editorial from The Guardian construes a picture of a global catastrophe with more emphasis on ethos,so authority is highlighted with less interaction;while that from The Washington Post concentrates on the national social problems with more focus on pathos,so solidarity is prioritized with more interaction. In addition,this paper also shows that news comments on the same issue can vary greatly in different contexts of culture as their purposes or perspectives can differ significantly.