乡村非农产业时空格局及其对居民收入的影响

Spatiotemporal pattern of rural non-farm sector and its impact on rural residents’ income

发展乡村非农产业是"乡村振兴战略"的重要组成部分,也是乡村经济繁荣的前提条件。论文以中国乡镇企业数据代表乡村非农产业,探讨2000-2013年各省份乡村非农产业发展水平及其全局和局部空间演化特征。在乡村非农产业时空特征分析的基础上,从空间角度和时间角度分别进行回归分析,研究乡村非农产业对乡村居民收入的影响。结果表明:①中国乡村非农产业变化巨大,时间上发展迅速,但内部差异呈扩大态势;空间分布上东部与中西部存在明显的差距,东部集聚仅在山东、浙江、江苏三省;产业类型构成上,工业占主导地位,批发零售业和建筑业次之,东部地区较中西部地区对工业依赖度更高。②乡村非农产业对农民收入具有明显的正向促进效应,在空间上具有异质性,东部地区非农产业发展对居民收入的促进作用较中西部地区更高;时间维度上,乡村非农产业对居民收入促进作用逐渐减弱。根据研究结论提出重点支持中西部地区发展、完善乡村制度改革、发展多种产业类型等建议。

The development of rural non-farm sector(RNFS) is an important part of China’s Rural Revitalization Strategy and the prerequisite for the prosperity of rural economy. Based on the data of Chinese township and village enterprises, this study examined the development of RNFS and its spatial pattern during 2000-2013 in China. On the basis of spatial and temporal analyses on RNFS, the spillover effects of RNFS on rural residents’ income was studied by regression analysis from the spatial and temporal perspectives. The results show that: 1)The overall development of RNFS changed greatly. Temporally, the RNFS increased rapidly in China, but differences within the sector were enlarged. Spatially, there was an obviously east-central and west gap, and the agglomerations were mainly found in Shandong, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang Provinces. With regard to the structure of RNFS, industry took the dominant position, followed by wholesale and retail trade and construction. The eastern region relied more on industry than the central and western regions. 2) The rural non-farm sector had positive spillover effects on rural residents’ income, which showed heterogeneity in space. The impact of RNFS on rural residents’ income in the eastern region was stronger than that in the central and western regions. Over time, the impact of RNFS on residents’ income is gradually weakening. Accordingly, some recommendations are put forward,including supporting the development of the central and western regions, improving the reform of the rural system,and developing various types of industries.