中国城市群的空间模式——分散性区域集聚的理论背景、形成机理及最新进展

Spatial pattern of China’s urban agglomerations:Theoretical background, formation mechanisms, and latest progress of research of dispersed regional concentration

从空间模式而言,城市群的本质是人口和经济活动在更大范围城市地域实体内的集聚。在这一集聚体内,原乡村地区密集参与着工业化、经济发展。在国内外经典文献分析的基础上,论文将城市群这一特征概括为分散性区域集聚,并认为分散性区域集聚是信息技术革命以来经济全球化空间选择的结果,也是中国政策制度背景的产物。作为全球制造业生产平台和协调控制中心在空间上的独特反映,这一根本属性使得城市群区别于传统区域,在空间上并不遍在;其分散性的发展特征使得它同时代表着最为严重的资源环境约束,值得特别关注。从分散性的地域单元入手的规划策略较目前的城市群整体战略而言,可能较易实施和取得效果。同时,随着中国内需战略和"一带一路"倡议的实施,城市群发生发展的国内外背景正在发生重要转变。分散性区域集聚的空间模式并不一定适用于中国所有区域,在进行规划管理时,必须审慎对待这一客观事实。

From the spatial perspective, an urban agglomeration can be understood as the concentration of population and economic activities within a large urban region. In this urban region, the original rural areas were densely involved in industrialization and economic development. On the basis of a comprehensive review of classical theories, this article proposes to understand urban agglomeration from the unique characteristics of spatial patterns, namely, dispersed regional concentration. We believe that the dispersed regional concentration is the result of spatial choices of economic globalization and information technology revolution, and also the product of the unique policies and institutional background of China. As a unique reflection of global manufacturing platform and coordinated control center in space, this fundamental attribute makes urban agglomeration different from traditional regions and not ubiquitous in space. Its dispersive development characteristics represents the most serious resource and environmental constraints, which deserve special attention. The planning strategy based on these decentralized regional units may be easier to implement and achieve results than the current overall urban agglomeration strategy. At the same time, with the implementation of domestic consumption demand strategy and the Belt and Road initiative, the Chinese and international backgrounds of urban agglomeration development are undergoing important transformations. The spatial pattern of dispersed regional concentration does not necessarily apply to all regions of China. This fact is of great significance and must be carefully considered in future regional planning and management.