新疆克拉玛依地区蜱媒病原体的调查

Investigation of tick-borne arboviruses in Karamay,Xinjiang,China

目的调查新疆克拉玛依地区蜱种类及其携带病原体。方法于克拉玛依市不同区采集游离蜱和寄生蜱,鉴定蜱种类,利用荧光定量PCR或套氏PCR/半套氏PCR检测发热伴血小板减少综合征布尼亚病毒、斑点热群立克次体、克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒、蜱传脑炎病毒、巴贝斯虫/泰勒虫、贝氏立克次体、查菲埃立克次体、恙虫病东方体和伯氏疏螺旋体等9种病原体。结果共采集蜱683只,分3属3种,其中亚东璃眼蜱数量(n=362)最多,其次为银盾革蜱(n=311)、图兰扇头蜱(n=10)。银盾革蜱中斑点热群立克次体的阳性率为3.2%(10/311),巴贝斯虫的阳性率为1.0%(3/311);亚东璃眼蜱中巴贝斯虫的阳性率为0.8%(3/362),泰勒虫阳性率为0.3%(1/362);其他病原体检测结果均呈阴性。PCR扩增阳性基因序列分析显示银盾革蜱携斑点热群立克次体阳性与劳氏立克次体最相关,银盾革蜱和亚东璃眼蜱携带驽巴贝斯虫。结论新疆克拉玛依地区优势蜱为亚东璃眼蜱和银盾革蜱,银盾革蜱携带劳氏立克次体,银盾革蜱和亚东璃眼蜱携带驽巴贝斯虫,提示该地区存在斑点热、巴贝斯虫病的自然疫源地,因此有必要加强对这些蜱携疾病的防控。

This study is to investigate the species of ticks and detect the potential pathogens in ticks in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,the region of northwest China.A total of 683 ixodid ticks were collected from goats,sheep and dogs in different localities throughout Karamay.Ticks were identified on the species level and analyzed in pools(adults 1-5).Thereafter,the DNA or RNA of samples were tested by real-time RT-PCR or nested PCR for severe fever with thrombocytopenia virus(SFTSV),Spotted fever group rickettsiae(SFGR),Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus(CCHFV),Tick-borne encephalitis virus(TBEV),Babesia/Theileria,Rickettsia burnetii,Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato,ehrlichia chaffeensis,and Orientia tsutsugamushi(O.t).Based on morphology analysis,the ticks were identified as 3 genera and 3 species,Hyalomma asiaticum kozlovi(n=362)was the most numerously collected,followed by Dermacentor niveus(n=311),Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides(n=10).The positive rates for SFGR and Babesia were 3.2% and 1.0% respectively in Dermacentor niveus.The positive rates for Babesia and Theileria were 0.8% and 0.3% respectively in Hyalomma asiaticum kozlovi.While,all pools were negative for SFTSV,CCHFV,O.t,Rickettsia burnetii,Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Ehrlichia chaffeensis.Phylogenetic analyses of SFG rickettsiae genes sequences were closely related to R.raoutii and Babesia/Theileria genes sequences,belonging to Babesia caballi/Theileria annulata.These results indicated that it is necessary to monitor the emergence of tick-borne diseases in Karamay.