引力波探测器的噪声及噪声处理综述

Review of noise and noise processing of gravitational wave detectors

物理学中,引力波是指时空弯曲中的涟漪,它是太空中一种看不到的波,并且传播速度非常快。引力波信号十分微弱,需要用世界上最灵敏的探测器检测,而探测器的噪声是制约探测器灵敏度的主要条件之一。概述了历史上比较著名的引力波探测器(主要是韦伯棒和地面激光干涉引力波探测器)的工作原理和影响其灵敏度的噪声。其中主要介绍了引力波探测器中的热噪声、地震噪声、引力梯度噪声和量子噪声的产生的原因以及各种噪声的处理方法,并对未来引力波探测器噪声处理进行了展望。

In physics, gravitational waves are ripples in the curvature of space-time. and it is an invisible wave in space and travels very fast. Gravitational-wave signals are so weak that they need to be detected by the world′s most sensitive detectors, and the noise of the detector is one of the main conditions that restrict the sensitivity of the detector. In this paper, the working principle of some famous gravitational wave detectors(mainly weber-rod and ground-based laser interferometer gravitational wave detectors) and the noise affecting their sensitivity are summarized. It mainly introduces the causes of thermal noise, seismic noise, gravitational gradient noise, and quantum noise of gravitational wave detectors and methods of dealing with these noises, and the future noise processing of gravitational wave detectors is prospected.