257份菊芋种质资源表型性状的遗传多样性

Genetic diversity of phenotypic traits in 257 Jerusalem artichoke accessions

为有效利用我国菊芋种质资源的遗传多样性,分析了257份菊芋种质资源,表明12个数量性状的变异系数(CV)在6%~50%之间,平均为24.75%,单株块茎重的变异系数最大(50%),生育期的变异系数最小(6%),多样性指数(H')分布在1.24~1.53之间,平均为1.44,单株块茎数的多样性指数最高(1.53),叶宽的多样性指数最低(1.24);8个质量性状的多样性指数在0.85~1.08之间,平均为0.98,以块茎习性最大,块茎整齐度最小,大部分性状表现出丰富的遗传多样性;257份菊芋资源的隶属函数均值介于0.12~0.58之间,其中JA1095材料最高(0.58),其花数和单株块茎重具有明显优势。菊芋资源12个数量性状的相关性分析表明,茎粗、叶长、花和花盘大小可作为今后选育高产菊芋品种的指导目标性状;主成分分析结果表明,7个主成分因子的累计贡献率达66.794%,其中花数量、单株块茎数量、块茎毛根量、块茎表皮光滑程度4个性状是构成菊芋种植表型差异的主要因素;以20个性状为基础的聚类分析将257份种质材料分为5类,其中,第I类和第II类占总资源量的85%。本研究结果为菊芋种质资源的利用及品种选育等提供了重要参考。

In order to fully understand and effectively utilize the genetic diversity of Jerusalem artichoke accessions in China.257 Jerusalem artichoke accessions were analyzed.Among them,12 quantitative traits had 6%-50%of the coefficient of variation,with a mean of 24.75%,which was the highest in tuber weight per plant(50%)and the smallest in growth period(6%).The diversity index(H')of these 12 traits was 1.24-1.53,with a mean of 1.44,which was the highest in tuber number per plant(1.53)and the lowest in leaf width(1.24).The diversity index of the eight quality traits was 0.85-1.08,with a mean of 0.98,which was the highest in tuber habit and the lowest in tuber uniformity,showing rich genetic diversity in most traits.The subordinate function of 257 Jerusalem artichoke accessions was 0.12-0.58,in which the highest was in JA1095(0.58)with the obvious advantages of flower number and tuber weight per plant.The correlation analysis of 12 quantitative traits indicated that stem diameter,leaf length,flower and disk size could be used as the main target traits for high yield Jerusalem artichoke varieties breeding in the future.The results of principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the seven principal component factors was 66.794%.Among them,the number of flowers,the tuber number per plant,the number of tuber hairs and the smoothness of tuber epidermis were the main factors contributing to the phenotypic difference of Jerusalem artichoke.By cluster analysis,257 accessions materials were divided into five categories based on 20 traits,among them class I and class II accounted for 85%of the total germplasm resources.This results can provide an important reference for the utilization of Jerusalem artichoke accessions and variety breeding.