全尺寸的大客车整车火灾燃烧实验研究

Experimental study on fire combustion of full-scale bus

近几年,大客车火灾比例显著增加。由于人员密集,且公众缺乏对于大客车火灾的认知,往往易造成群死群伤。模拟威海“5.9”校车放火案开展大客车整车燃烧实验,以驾驶室内放火的方式引燃整车,观察车辆在燃烧初期时的温度、烟气变化,总结此类火灾的蔓延规律。实验结果表明:车辆引燃后,驾驶室内火势蔓延迅速,车内氧气迅速消耗,产生了大量的CO、氮氧化物和硫化物等有毒气体,车内温度在3 min左右时超过1000℃,车内乘员应在30 s内就近破窗逃生。

In recent years,the proportion of bus fire has increased significantly.Because of the dense staff and the lack of cognition about bus arson,it often causes mass casualties and injuries.This article conduct a bus combustion experiment,simulated the“5.9”school bus arson case in Weihai,which is ignited by arson in cab.The temperature and smoke changes of the vehicle during the combustion spread are observed,and the spread law of this kind of fire is summarized.The research results showed that the fire in the driver's cabin spreads rapidly,and the oxygen in the vehicle is rapidly consumed,generating a large amount of toxic gases such as CO,nitrogen oxides and sulfides after the bus is burned,.The temperature inside the vehicle exceeds 1000℃in about 3 minutes.The best time to escape from the bus is less than 30 s by breaking the window.