纳微化红磷的有机/无机双层包覆化及其阻燃性能研究

Organic/inorganic Double-layer Coating of Nano-micronized Red Phosphorusand Its Flame Retardant Properties

为了实现红磷的纳微化以及表面有机无机双层包覆,解决红磷保存时吸湿和释放有毒气体以及在高分子基材中的分散不均匀性问题,本研究借助易于工业化的球磨技术,制备出纳微化的红磷粒子,再分别利用二氧化硅为无机层,三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐为有机层,实现红磷的有机/无机双层包覆化。借助纳米粒度仪、扫描电镜和热重分析仪等表征手段,研究得出:双层包覆微胶囊红磷24h吸湿增重率仅0.28%,磷化氢释放量控制在2×10^-6,红磷保存性改善。将双层包覆红磷作为阻燃剂,物理共混于环氧树脂,发现添加16%含量时,极限氧指数最高为28.2%;红磷与包覆层之间构成磷氮硅协效作用,属于凝聚相、气相双重阻燃,形成蓬松、封闭外层的炭层,起阻隔作用,增大了阻燃效率。这项研究可望为新型红磷阻燃剂的研究提供一定的理论借鉴意义。

To realize the nano-micronization of red phosphorus and the coating of organic-inorganic double layer,then solve the problems of moisture absorption and release of toxic gases during the storage of red phosphorus,as well as the non-uniform dispersion in the polymer substrate,the easy industrial ball milling technology was used to prepare nano-micro red phosphorus,and then silica was used as the inorganic layer,and melamine cyanurate was used as the organic layer to achieve organic/inorganic double-layer coating of red phosphorus.By means of characterization methods such as nanometer particle size analyzer,electron scanning electron microscope,and thermo-gravimetric analyzer,the research showed that the double-layer coated microencapsulated red phosphorus absorbed only 0.28%of moisture in 24 hours,and the phosphine release was controlled at 2×10^-6,the preservation of red phosphorus was improved.When it was used as a flame retardant and physically blended with epoxy resin,the maximum limited oxygen index was 28.2%when the content was 16%;the cladding layer formed a synergistic effect of phosphorus nitrogen silicon,which was a condensed phase and gas phase dual flame retardant,forming a fluffy,closed outer carbon layer,which acted as a barrier and increased the flame retardant efficiency.This study is expected to provide some theoretical reference for the research of new red phosphorus flame retardants.