糖尿病肾病尿毒症血液透析患者饮食护理方法及效果分析

Analysis of Diet Nursing Method and Effect of Hemodialysis Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy and Uremia

目的:探讨糖尿病肾病尿毒症血液透析患者饮食护理方法及效果。方法:选取笔者所在医院2018年1月-2019年1月的80例糖尿病肾病尿毒症血液透析患者,随机分为两组。常规护理组在透析过程中采用常规护理服务,饮食护理组在常规护理的同时强化患者的营养评估和饮食护理。比较两组饮食依从率,患者对饮食控制重要性的认知、营养改善的时间,护理前后机体营养情况、生存质量、免疫状态及透析中并发症发生率。结果:饮食护理组的饮食依从率为97.5%(39/40),高于常规护理组的70.0%(28/40),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。护理后饮食护理组机体营养情况及生存质量、免疫状态均优于常规护理组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。饮食护理组患者对饮食控制重要性的认知、营养改善时间(94.24±3.56)分、(6.12±0.13)d,均优于常规护理组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。饮食护理组透析中并发症发生率为5%(2/40),低于常规护理组的25%(10/40),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:糖尿病肾病尿毒症血液透析患者实施饮食护理干预可获得较好的效果,可改善患者的营养状况和免疫功能,减少透析并发症,提高患者生存质量。

Objective:To explore the method and effect of diet nursing for hemodialysis patients with diabetic nephropathy and uremia.Method:A total of 80 hemodialysis patients with diabetic nephropathy and uremia in our hospital from January 2018 to January 2019 were randomly divided into two groups.The routine nursing group adopted routine nursing service in the process of dialysis,while the diet nursing group strengthened the nutritional evaluation and diet nursing of the patients at the same time of routine nursing.The compliance rate of diet,the recognition of the importance of diet control,the time of nutrition improvement,the nutritional status of the body,the quality of life,the immune status and the incidence of complications during dialysis before and after nursing were compared between the two groups.Result:The compliance rate of diet nursing group was 97.5%(39/40),higher than 70.0%(28/40)of routine nursing group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).After nursing,the nutritional status,quality of life and immune status of the diet nursing group were better than those of the routine nursing group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The cognition of the importance of diet control and the improvement time of nutrition in the diet nursing group(94.24±3.56)points and(6.12±0.13)days,which were better than those in the routine nursing group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The incidence of complications was 5%(2/40)in the diet nursing group,which was lower than 25%(10/40)in the routine nursing group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:The diet nursing intervention for hemodialysis patients with diabetic nephropathy and uremia can achieve better results,improve the nutritional status and immune function of patients,reduce the complications of dialysis,and improve the quality of life of patients.