山西小麦育成品种农艺性状演变趋势及关联分析

Evolution and Relevant Analysis of Agronomic Characters of Wheat in Shanxi Province

为了解山西省小麦种质资源的产量和农艺性状特征,以山西省建国以来审定品种为材料,在系统获得抽穗期、小穗数、千粒重、穗粒数、株高、穗长、穗颈长、穗下节间、沟数、分蘖、旗叶面积、旗叶长、旗叶宽等17个农艺性状表型数据基础上,进行农艺性状演变趋势及关联分析。结果表明,在育种过程中不同性状的变异程度不同,其中穗颈长的变异系数最高,小穗数的变异系数最低;随着品种选育时间变化,农艺性状也随之发生变化。株型方面,平均株高由110~120 cm降低到75~90 cm,整体株型得到明显改进,由高秆披叶变为矮杆直叶,受光状态显著改善;产量性状方面,分蘖数趋于稳定,千粒重、穗粒数和小穗数不断提高;小穗数和穗粒数与千粒重相关性未达到显著水平,穗粒数与小穗数呈显著正相关,说明在山西省小麦发展历程中小穗数和穗粒数有协同提高趋势。关联分析发现33个SSR标记与农艺性状显著关联,单个标记对表型变异的解释率为5.6%~25.3%,这些标记可为分子标记辅助育种提供理论参考。

In order to understand the characters of wheat in Shanxi prorince,phenotypes of wheat varieties registered since the founding of China were tested both in the field and indoor experiments.17 agronomic characters such as heading date,spike length,spikelet number,grains per spike,plant height,neck length of spike,internode length below the spike,flag leaf length,flag leaf width and 1000-grain weight were analyzed.The results showed that the neck length of spike had the highest coefficient of variation,while spikelet number had the lowest.The agronomic characters of wheat varieties displayed regularity changes with breeding eras.The mean plant height decreased from 110~120 cm to 75~90 cm,which indicated that the plant type was evolved from high stalk-horizontal type towards dwarf-erect type.The main yield components,1000-grain weight,grains per spike and spikelet number continued to increase stably.There was no significant correlation among the three yield factors,while the grains per spike correlated significantly with spikelet number,indicating a together improvement with the two characters during the development of wheat breeding in Shanxi.Association analysis showed that 33 SSR markers were significantly correlated with agronomic traits.The explanatory rate of phenotypic variation by single marker was 5.6%~25.3%.These markers could provide theoretical reference for molecular marker-assisted breeding.