欧盟海洋油气勘探开发作业安全的法律规制及对中国的启示

EU regulation on the safety of offshore oil and gas development activities and its enlightenment to China

21世纪以来,随着能源危机的加剧以及人类开发海洋能力的不断增强,世界各国开始调整能源战略,将开发重点由陆地转向海洋,海洋油气资源的开发对于各国的经济发展与能源安全都具有重要意义。海洋石油工业是安全风险最大的行业之一,涉及天气、压力、深度或温度等不同环境条件,易燃易爆、有毒有害的物质,以及生产过程中危险因素等多重风险。“深水地平线”事故让欧盟开始意识到国际法和欧盟成员国国内法律在此领域的失败,而欧洲法律正面临着如何确保海上油气作业安全的挑战。以《2013/30/EU指令》为核心,对国际离岸安全制度框架进行了考察,探究欧盟在海上油气开发作业安全领域的法律规制,在强化管辖权、建立综合立法体系、优先海洋环境保护和扩大国际影响力四方面进行分析和探讨,为中国海洋经济的发展提供经验借鉴。

Since the 21st century,with the intensification of the energy crisis and the continuous enhancement of exploitation of marine resources,Countries all over the world begin to adjust their energy strategies and shift the focus of development from land to ocean.The development of offshore oil and gas resources is of great significance to the economic development and energy security of all countries.The offshore oil industry is one of the industries with the greatest safety risks,involving different environmental conditions such as weather,pressure,depth or temperature,multiple risks such as flammable and explosive substances,toxic and harmful substances,and risk factors in the production process.The Deepwater Horizon accident has made the EU aware of the failure of international law and the domestic laws of EU member states in this area,and European law is facing the challenge of how to ensure the safety of offshore oil and gas operations.Based on the 2013/30/EU Directive,this paper investigates the framework of international offshore safety system,probes into the EU legislative trend in the field of offshore oil and gas operation safety,and analyzes and discusses four aspects:strengthening jurisdiction,giving priority to marine environmental protection,establishing a comprehensive legislative system and international influence.The purpose of this paper is to provide experience for the development of China’s marine economy.