土地利用生态风险评价研究进展

A review on ecological risk assessment of land use

土地利用生态风险评价是对生态系统在土地利用直接或间接作用下可能产生的不利影响的评价。在梳理已有研究工作的基础上,从评价模型、生态风险空间表达和不确定性分析三个方面,总结土地利用生态风险评价研究方法的进展,阐述土地利用生态风险管理在土地利用生态风险评价中的地位和作用。目前该领域存在的主要问题是:(1)评价指标和评价标准不统一;(2)评价过程和评价结果的不确定性较大;(3)生态风险管理环节研究薄弱。未来的发展趋势包括:(1)关注全球变化条件下的土地利用生态风险;(2)重视土地利用生态风险评价在国土空间规划与生态修复中的作用;(3)加强土地利用生态风险管理研究;(4)建立并完善土地利用生态风险评价的数据管理平台。

Ecological risk assessment is the foundation of prevention and control of ecological risks. Its development has experienced a process from environmental impact assessment to environmental risk assessment and then to ecological risk assessment gradually. With the further research on global change and ecological risk, more and more attention has been paid to the ecosystem risk caused by the change of land use. Therefore, ecological risk assessment of land use is also an important part of ecological risk research, which is the assessment of the possible adverse effects of the ecosystem under the direct or indirect impacts of land use.Through reviewing the existing researches, in this paper we summarize the progresses in methodology of ecological risk assessment of land use from three aspects: assessment model,spatial expression of ecological risk and uncertainty analysis. And we also expound the status and function of land use ecological risk management in land use ecological risk assessment.There exist three main problems in this field:(1) The evaluation index and standard of ecological risk assessment of land use are not unified;(2) There is great uncertainty with evaluation process and relevant result;(3) The research on ecological risk management is rather limited. The future trends of the study in this field include:(1) More attention should be paid to the ecological risk of land use under the background of global change, which needs to be more integrated with other fields of research and deal with the effect of ecological environment on global change;(2) The role of land use ecological risk assessment in land space planning and ecological restoration should be emphasized, which will give us a deep understanding of the current condition of the ecosystem and in an effort to maintain the sustainable development of the ecological environment;(3) The study of ecological risk management of land use is supposed to be strengthened, especially the link between risk management and assessment;(4)Ecological risk assessment and data management platform ought to be established and improved. It will standardize the risk index system, evaluation method and data acquisition,and reduce the uncertainty in the evaluation process effectively. What’s more, our essay will enrich the theoretical system and provide related reference materials in this field.