合成生物学治理的国外经验综述及启示

Review and Implication of Synthetic Biology Governance in Foreign Countries

鉴于合成生物学发展的不确定性及其对人类社会带来的制度、伦理等方面的挑战,提出有效的治理框架至关重要。虽然各国在合成生物学研究领域的地位和预期可能对治理共识的形成造成巨大影响,但通过多主体协作治理,不断推进监管制度改革来应对包括合成生物学等新兴技术的发展问题,即适应性治理,已是国际共识。公共管理的TAPIC框架有助于对合成生物学等新兴领域治理的理解。分析结果表明,各国不同的治理制度、科技发展水平和愿景对其治理影响深刻,必须加强问责制,参与性和完整性因素,以提高各国对新兴技术发展的治理水平。

In view of the uncertainty of the development of synthetic biology and the institutional and ethical challenges to human society,it is very important to propose an effective governance framework.Although the status and expectation of countries in the field of synthetic biology research may have a huge impact on the formation of governance consensus,it has become an international consensus to cope with the development of emerging technologies,including synthetic biology,through multi-agent collaborative governance and continuous promotion of regulatory system reform,that is,adaptive governance.The TAPIC framework of public management is helpful to understand the governance of emerging technologies such as synthetic biology.The results show that different governance systems,scientific and technological development levels and visions of different countries have profound impacts on their governance.It is necessary to strengthen the accountability,participation and integrity factors to improve the governance of emerging technologies.