聚苯乙烯微球的制备及构筑三维多孔石墨烯

Preparation of Polystyrene Microspheres and Construction of 3D Porous Graphene

采用无皂乳液聚合和分散聚合法制备聚苯乙烯微球硬模板,并将其氨基功能化后与改进的Hummers法制备的氧化石墨烯进行复合,高温去除聚苯乙烯模板后获得三维多孔结构石墨烯.通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱对材料的物相组成、微观结构与形貌进行了分析.结果表明:无皂乳液聚合和分散聚合法分别制备出球径在150、350 nm和1.2μm左右的聚苯乙烯微球,微球形状规整、尺寸均一,其中,无皂乳液聚合法制备的微球尺寸小,分散聚合法制备的微球单分散性优异.经500℃·3 h及800℃·1 h高温热处理成功将聚苯乙烯微球模板去除,同时将氧化石墨烯还原成石墨烯,去除模板后的石墨烯保留了聚苯乙烯微球形貌的孔洞结构.构筑的三维多孔石墨烯比电容为233 F·g^-1,比水热法制备的3D多孔石墨烯比电容提升54%.3D多孔石墨烯后续可以与其他金属氧化物、导电聚合物等赝电容电极材料复合,以期发挥协同效应,提高复合材料的电化学性能.

The polystyrene microspheres as hard template were prepared by soap-free emulsion polymerization and dispersion polymerization,and polystyrene microspheres functionalized by the amino group were covered by graphene oxide prepared by the improved Hummers method.After high temperature removal of polystyrene microsphere template,Three-dimensional porous structure grapheme was obtained after the removal of polystyrene microsphere template.The phase composition,microstructure and morphology of the materials were analyzed by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy.The results showed that polystyrene microspheres with spherical diameters of 150 nm,350 nm and 1.2μm were prepared by soap-free emulsion polymerization and dispersion polymerization,respectively.The shape of the microspheres was regular and the size was uniform.Among them,the microspheres prepared by soap-free emulsion polymerization were smaller in size.The microspheres prepared by the dispersion polymerization are excellent in monodispersity.The polystyrene microsphere template was successfully removed by heat treatment at 500℃·3 hand 800℃·1 h,and the graphene oxide was reduced to graphene.The three dimensional porous graphene after removing the PS template retains the pores structure like the polystyrene microspheres.The specific capacitance of 3 Dporous graphene architected here is 233 F·g^-1,54%higher than 3 Dporous graphene by hydrothermal method.The 3D porous graphene prepared here can be composited with other psuedocapacitance materials such as metal oxides and conductive polymers in order to exert synergistic effects and improve the electrochemical performance of the composites.