汉语语音构词及其语义、语法制约

Chinese Phonetic Word Formation and Its Semantic and Grammatical Constraints

学界通常以是否由单一语素构成为判定标准,将词分为单纯词和合成词,语法构词产生合成词,语音构词产生单纯词。但有些受语音构词制约产生的联绵词,并非是单一语素。本文从语词产生的制约因素、构词的历时发展、语音语义的双重联想关系以及汉藏语系语音构词的特征等方面论析,说明语词的产生会受到语音、语义和语法的制约,在不同语词中语音、语义和语法制约力并不平衡,语音构词中也有语法和语义的参与。

Words are usually divided into simple morpheme words and compound words according to whether they are constructed by a single morpheme.Grammatical word formation produces compound words and phonetic word formation produces simple words.But some Lianmian words,which are restricted by phonetic word formation,are not single morphemes.This paper discusses and distinguishes from the restrictive factors of word formation,the diachronic development of word formation,the dual association relationship of phonetic and semantic,and the characteristics of word formation of Chinese and Tibetan phonetics.It shows that the generation of word formation will be restricted by phonetic,semantic and grammatical factors.In different words,the forces of phonetic,semantic and legal system are not balanced,and the participation of grammar and semantics is also involved in word formation of phonetics.