家庭规模、同胞结构与学龄儿童教育获得——来自中国教育追踪调查的经验证据

Family Size,Sibling Structure and Educational Attainment of School-age Children:Evidence from the Survey of CEPS

家庭因素对劳动力的教育获得具有重要影响,但却鲜有研究关注家庭因素对学龄儿童在学期间学业表现的影响。本研究利用中国人民大学提供的中国教育追踪调查数据(CEPS),借鉴资源稀释理论与同胞竞争效应构建研究假说,采用倾向得分匹配的准实验研究方法,实证讨论了家庭规模、同胞结构对学龄儿童学业成绩的“净影响”,结果发现:(1)中国家庭确实存在着男孩偏好,并且受到资源稀释的影响,非货币性的教育人力资本投资与家庭生育意愿呈反向运动趋势;(2)受到家庭信贷约束与预算掣肘,家庭规模扩大对学龄儿童学业成绩构成负向冲击,独生子女家庭学龄儿童的学业成绩要优于非独生子女家庭;(3)受男孩偏好传统观念的冲击,有哥哥与有弟弟的同胞结构会造成女孩学业成绩的下降;(4)受到同胞竞争效应的影响,有姐姐与有妹妹的家庭同样造成了学龄女童学业成绩的下降。

Family factors have an important impact on the education of labor force,but few studies focus on family factors'influence on academic performance of school-age children.By using the China Education Panel Survey data provided by the NSRC,constructing research hypothesis based on the resource dilution theory and effect of compatriot competition,this paper applies the method of quasi-experimental of propensity score matching to discuss the influence of family size and sibling structure on educational attainment of school-age children.It indicates that(1)Chinese families do have a preference for boys,influenced by the dilution of resources,the trend of reverse movement of non-monetary educational investment in human capital and family childbearing intention is reversed;(2)Under the constraints of family credit constraints and budget constraints,the family size has a negative impact on school-age children's educational attainment,the academic achievement of the noe-child family is better than that of the non-one-child family;(3)Influenced by the traditional ideas of boy-preference,the school-age girls who have older or younger brothers will result in a decline in their academic performance;(4)Influenced by the competitive effects of siblings,the girls who have older or younger sisters will result in a decline in their academic performance.